L3/L4
L3
is a microkernel running on i386, i486 and Pentium
processors which has been developed by Jochen Liedtke
and others at GMD's SET
institute. Supported at TU-Dresden.
Its predecessor was Eumel.
L4
is a successor to L3. The Intel versions (for i486 and
the various Pentiums) have been developed by Jochen
Liedtke at GMD and IBM Watson Research Center, and there
also exist implementations for the MIPS (from UNSW) and
Digital Alpha processors (from us).
L4Linux:
Linux on the L4 µ-Kernel
Fiasco
is a new, L4-compatible microkernel for x86
processors.
Kontakt: Nisius Falk Tel.:(0049) 536 99 786 /8
LINDOWS
LindowsOS is a new, fun and exciting operating system
that delivers the power, stability and cost-savings of
Linux with the ease of a windows environment. LindowsOS
is easy to experience because of its friendly graphical
interface and support for popular Microsoft Windows file
types (.doc, .xls, .ppt, .jpg, .gif, .mp3, etc.)
Though the name shell sugest a Windows clone, its just
Linux in disguise. Just a different marketing style.
Linux
Group Members: Linus Torvalds and a Cast of Thousands
Linux is a freely-distributable implementation of UNIX
for 80386, 80486 and Pentium machines. It supports a wide
range of software, including X Windows, Emacs, TCP/IP
networking (including SLIP/PPP/ISDN), and the works.
Ports to non-x86 machines such as the Alpha and SPARC
also exist. This is one rocking project.
OS-Kernel written by Linus Torvalds.
Most other OS modules were taken from the GNU stock of Free Software
(s. Richard Stallman, Linux
and the GNU Project).
In the case of Linux, the Internet community
desperately needed a competent OS platform. AT&T had
shut out many Unix users
with restrictive licenses and high fees. UC Berkeley had
crippled BSD by removing
all vendor proprietary code which adapted it to the
underlying hardware: you could study it but not run it!
Many saw a potential in Andy Tanenbaum's Minix to counterbalance an
increasingly unfree Unix. But Minix was incomplete, did
not have critical mass and its source distribution became
too restrictive. These conditions inspired the community
OS effort, initially derived from Minix, which produced
Linux. Linux became readily available and increasingly
capable. When it aligned with FSF licensing and could
support the powerful GNU
tools as well as run on a wide range of inexpensive
hardware, a truly useful operating system platform was
born. The Internet community finally had a way to run a
fully networked Unix cheaply and reliably with no strings
attached.
(Source??)
"Linus Torvalds, for example, didn't actually try
to write Linux from scratch. Instead, he started by
reusing code and ideas from Minix, a tiny Unix-like OS
for 386 machines. Eventually all the Minix code went away
or was completely rewritten
"In fact, I think Linus's
cleverest and most consequential hack was not the
construction of the Linux kernel itself, but rather his
invention of the Linux development model. When I
expressed this opinion in his presence once, he smiled
and quietly repeated something he has often said: ``I'm
basically a very lazy person who likes to get credit for
things other people actually do.'' Lazy like a fox. Or,
as Robert Heinlein might have said, too lazy to
fail.
"... one precedent for the
methods and success of Linux can be seen in the
development of the GNU Emacs Lisp library and Lisp code
archives. In contrast to the cathedral-building style of
the Emacs C core and most other FSF tools, the evolution
of the Lisp code pool was fluid and very
user-driven."
(Eric S. Raymond: The
Cathedral and the Bazaar)
GUIs for Linux:
KDE (build on QT Toolkit ).
The K Desktop Environment.
GNOME (GNU Network Object Model
Environment)
a Windows-like interface for Linux, created by a group of
developers, that will compete with the K Desktop
Environment interface. GNOME may pique IT interest, since
it uses an object-oriented development environment based
on Common Object Request Broker Architecture.
Enlightenment
another desktop environment for Linux
IBM joins Linux International
Open source OS's momentum looks unstoppable in the server
space
Following Sun's
lead, IBM Software Solutions has become a sponsoring
corporate member of Linux International. Besides these
two the
roster now includes Silicon Graphics and Compaq.
Missing for the moment is HP, though that company has recently
announced that it will sell Linux on its NetServer
systems and has struck an alliance with Linux packager
Red Hat.
CLOWN
CLuster Of Working Nodes Project
520 computers running Linux in a heterogeneous network -
breaking the world record.
distributed.net
- The Fastest Computer On Earth
You only need to download a small client program which
contacts our servers and will process part of the current
challenge. We only use the computer's idle time, so when
you want to use your computer, the client will
automatically use less processor time until you stop
working on your computer again. Challengers are RSA, who
award $10000 to whoever cracks their crypto
algorithms.
Dell is shipping servers and PCs with preinstalled
with Linux. Compaq considers providing phone support for
Linux. (Wired Mag. 7.01, p. 65)
Linux News from freshmeat.net
The Home of the
Penguin
http://www.linux.org/
The Linux Kernel
Documentation Project (KDP) under GNU GPL
http://lxr.linux.no/+trees
LinuxHQ Project
- the site for Linux kernel users and hackers
http://www.linuxhq.com/
Linus Torvalds'
homepage
http://www.cs.Helsinki.FI/~torvalds/
The Unofficial Linus Torvalds FAQ
http://earthspace.net/~esr/faqs/linus/index.htm
Michael Montoure: the ultimate Linus Torvalds web
resource
http://www.ssc.com/linux/linus.htm
Linux' Mindshare
Went Through The Roof:
"Linux had no
mindshare with the people who make the decisions. I think
that's one of the big things that's been happening for
the last three or four months is that mindshare went
through the roof. ...
And what I think will happen is that some company --
maybe not IBM, but a company like IBM -- will just happen
in the future where they're already doing multiplatform
support, because everybody has it if you're in the big
league. And they're just going to add Linux to the list
of platforms they support. And then you're going to be
able to buy one machine and Linux will be installed on
it. I expect that to happen within a year.... Well, Intel
surprised me by being so about-face. I had talked to
Intel before, but Linux was a dirty word, and that was
just a year ago. And Intel has been very positive lately,
which is nice....
I think that there are a lot of people in Redmond
scratching their heads wondering "What the hell can
we do?" ... And at the same time they have a really
hard time coming to grips with the fact that it's a
market outside their market; one they can't direct. And
that's probably why they're nervous. I don't know...I
don't think they're really nervous. I think they're
mildly nervous. I don't think Bill spends the nights
lying there thinking about Linux."
(Linus Torvalds
interviewed by Robert McMillan, LinuxWorld, October 1998)
"Essentially
I see the Java engine just slipping, not going anywhere.
And I really hate
that happening
because Java could have been a big boost to Linux. "
(Linus Torvalds
interviewed by Robert McMillan, LinuxWorld, August 1998)
"I consider
the linux copyright to be one of the very best design
decisions I ever did, along with accepting code that was
copyrighted by other holders (under the same copyright
conditions, of course).
I'm not fanatic
about the GPL, but in the case of linux it has certainly
worked out well enough."
(Linus Torvalds
interviewed by Robert Young, Linux Journal, March 1994)
Linus
vs. Tanenbaum: Linux is obsolete - mail threat on
mikrokernels, portability etc. with Linus, Andrew
Tanenbaum and others from 1992.
UK.Linux.Org
http://www.linux.org.uk/
Linux
International
Linux International is a non-profit organization,
residing physically in the United States, however our
organization is made up of many people contributing from
all areas of the globe. We distribute information about
Linux, and how it will benefit business and personal
users, reserve places at major computer expos, and accept
donations to distribute to programmers who need money to
test out applications.
Linux-Distributions:
S.u.S.E. Linux
http://www.suse.de/
Debian GNU/Linux
http://www.debian.org/
RedHat
http://www.redhat.com/
Slackware
http://www.slackware.org/
Delix
Unixes for Mac
LinuxPPC:
http://www.linuxppc.org/
NetBSD/FreeBSD
http://www.macbsd.com
ftp://ftp.macbsd.com
Slashdot. News
for Nerds
http://www.slashdot.org/
Linux Journal
http://www.ssc.com/linux/
Linux Gazette
http://www.linuxgazette.com/
Linux-Magazin
Newsflash
LIVE Linux
Verband
GUUG e.V. German UNIX
User Group founded 1984
Linux.de
LinuxLand
Linux Mall
http://www.linuxmall.com/
Leander Kahney:
Mexican Schools Embrace Linux (Wired News, 6.Nov.98)
"... the
Mexican government said this week that it plans to
install the free Linux operating system in 140,000
elementary- and middle-school computer labs around the
country. ... Cost factors aside, Espinosa said Linux is
more reliable, adaptable, and efficient than commercial
operating system software. These qualities will allow him
to use older, less expensive equipment. ... The program
already has 2,000 labs set up using Windows software, but
Espinosa said those schools will soon switch to Linux.
... He predicted Mexican schools will become hotbeds of
Linux programmers. "It will let a lot of kids
discover computers," he said. "Some may become
little hackers." "
Andy Eddy: How
Linux got so dang hot (CNN-Interactive)
http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9808/22/danglinux.idg/
IBM joins Linux
the RS/6000-familie is on demand delivered with an
installed Linux.
Lites
Related to: Mach
Lites is a 4.4 BSD Lite based server and emulation
library that provides free unix functionality to a Mach
based system. Lites provides binary compatibility with
4.4 BSD. NetBSD (0.8, 0.9, and 1.0), FreeBSD (1.1.5 and
2.0), 386BSD, UX (4.3BSD) and Linux on the i386 platform.
It has also been ported to the pc532, and PA-RISC.
Preliminary ports to the R3000 and Alpha processors have
also been made.
Lynx (Lynx Real-time Systems)
LynxOS is a proprietary UNIX-like real-time operating
system. LynxOS looks and feels like UNIX from the
user/programmer point of view. It was developed from the
ground-up with high performance, deterministic hard
real-time response in mind. Although LynxOS is conformant
with POSIX 1003.1 it is not derived from any
AT&T/USL/Novell source code. The OS is in effect a
complete re-implementation of UNIX from a real-time
perspective.
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